Overview of development of Lithium battery electrolyte
Overview of development of Lithium battery electrolyte,
Lithium battery electrolyte,
▍Compulsory Registration Scheme (CRS)
Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology released Electronics & Information Technology Goods-Requirement for Compulsory Registration Order I-Notified on 7th September, 2012, and it came into effect on 3rd October, 2013. Electronics &Information Technology Goods Requirement for Compulsory Registration, what is usually called BIS certification, is actually called CRS registration/certification. All electronic products in the compulsory registration product catalog imported to India or sold in the Indian market must be registered in the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). In November 2014, 15 kinds of compulsory registered products were added. New categories include: mobile phones, batteries, power banks, power supplies, LED lights and sales terminals, etc.
▍BIS Battery Test Standard
Nickel system cell/battery: IS 16046 (Part 1): 2018/ IEC62133-1: 2017
Lithium system cell/battery: IS 16046 (Part 2): 2018/ IEC62133-2: 2017
Coin cell/battery is included in CRS.
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In 1800, the Italian physicist A. Volta built the voltaic pile, which opened the beginning of practical batteries and described for the first time the importance of electrolyte in electrochemical energy storage devices. The electrolyte can be seen as an electronically insulating and ion-conducting layer in the form of liquid or solid, inserted between the negative and positive electrodes. Currently, the most advanced electrolyte is made by dissolving the solid lithium salt (e.g. LiPF6) in non-aqueous organic carbonate solvent (e.g. EC and DMC). As per the general cell form and design, the electrolyte typically accounts for 8% to 15% of the cell weight. What’s more, its flammability and optimal operating temperature range of -10°C to 60°C greatly hinder further improvement of battery energy density and safety. Therefore, innovative electrolyte formulations are considered to be the key enabler for the development of the next generation of new batteries.
Researchers are also working to develop different electrolyte systems. For example, the use of fluorinated solvents that can achieve efficient lithium metal cycling, organic or inorganic solid electrolytes that are benefit to the vehicle industry and “solid state batteries” (SSB). The main reason is that if the solid electrolyte replaces the original liquid electrolyte and diaphragm, the safety, single energy density and life of the battery can be significantly improved. Next, we mainly summarize the research progress of solid electrolytes with different materials.
Inorganic solid electrolytes have been used in commercial electrochemical energy storage devices, such as some high-temperature rechargeable batteries Na-S, Na-NiCl2 batteries and primary Li-I2 batteries. Back in 2019, Hitachi Zosen (Japan) demonstrated an all-solid-state pouch battery of 140 mAh to be used in space and tested on the International Space Station (ISS). This battery is composed of a sulfide electrolyte and other undisclosed battery components, being able to operate between -40°C and 100°C. In 2021 the company is introducing a higher capacity solid battery of 1,000 mAh. Hitachi Zosen sees the need for solid batteries for harsh environments such as space and industrial equipment operating in a typical environments. The company plans to double the battery capacity by 2025. But so far, there is no off-the-shelf all-solid-state battery product that can be used in electric vehicles.
